Chemistry

This subject introduces students to foundational concepts in both general and organic chemistry. It begins with the study of water, exploring its properties, importance, and role as a universal solvent. Students then examine solubility and solutions, learning how substances dissolve and how solution concentration is measured. This is followed by mass/volume relationships, which involve stoichiometric calculations used to determine quantities of substances in chemical reactions. The topic of acid/base reactions builds on this by teaching students about the nature of acids and bases, indicators, neutralization, and pH levels.

The second part of the course shifts to organic chemistry, beginning with an introduction to its basic principles and the classification of organic compounds. Students will study the structure, properties, and reactions of major hydrocarbon groups: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, highlighting their differences in saturation and bonding. The course concludes with alkanols (alcohols), covering their functional groups, naming, and uses. This subject equips students with a strong understanding of key chemical principles and prepares them for more advanced chemistry studies.