Biology

This subject explores important biological systems and ecological principles that govern both plant and animal life. It begins with a study of excretion and the excretory system, focusing on how organisms remove metabolic wastes. This includes a detailed look at the excretory systems in mammals and plants, highlighting their structure and function. The topic then shifts to reproduction, with emphasis on the male and female reproductive structures in humans, followed by a study of the reproductive system in plants, including the processes involved in pollination and fertilization.

The latter part of the course delves into ecological concepts, starting with ecological succession, which explains how ecosystems develop and change over time. Students will also examine overcrowding and food shortage, understanding their causes and impact on populations. The term concludes with the study of balance in nature, emphasizing how ecosystems maintain stability, and family planning, discussing its biological, health, and social implications for population control and resource management. This integrated approach builds students’ understanding of biological systems and their relevance to real-world issues.